Reaching beyond the protective bars of a steel cage and placing your palm on the snout of a 2,500-pound great white shark is never recommended, but the above photo is evidence that this has happened at Guadalupe Island west of Baja California, Mexico.
That's not all. Cage-diving operators at Guadalupe have become so competitive that one is allowing divers to stand on top of cages and another openly advertises allowing divers to venture completely outside the cages to swim freely with the notorious predators.
The bar has been raised so high that some believe it's only a matter of time before a person is killed.
"It's an arms race and it's the worst example of one that I've ever seen," said Patric Douglas, who runs Shark Divers, a shark-related tourism, filming and consulting business.
Cage diving is relatively new to
Guadalupe -- there are six outfitters vying for the business of high-dollar, adventurous tourists -- but its evolution beyond the traditional
stern-attached surface cages, which still exist, has been swift.
The so-called arms race began when Lawrence Groth of
Shark Diving International
started submersing cages to depths at which the sharks lurk -- about 50
feet -- so he wouldn't have to rely on "chumming" them to the surface
with ground-up fish and blood (now illegal but still practiced by some).

Groth
also built a submersible "cinema cage" that has no sides, affording
film crews unobstructed views but providing sharks with direct access
to human flesh, if that's what they desire. Fortunately, they do not.
Groth's
latest invention is a horizontal two-person cage that "flies around
like an airplane," with the client laying in front with a camera
and Groth in back driving with a joystick.
When informed that
another operator has built a double-deck cage with no bars on the upper
deck, Groth said, "I'll have to do a fly-by and check it out."
The split-level cages are the brainchild of Mike Lever, who runs the
Nautilus Explorer,
a luxury vessel that has a hot tub from which divers can warm up after
their chilly cage dives and watch sharks circle the boat in gorgeous
blue water with 100-foot visibility.
Divers in these submersible
cages can enjoy the company of white sharks from behind steel bars or
scamper upward, with experienced dive masters, to stand atop a deck for
an open-water experience.
"It is an unforgettable rush when a
great white looks at you from 50 feet away and then swims over for a
very close look," says Daniel Dayneswood, who works for the Nautilus
Explorer, which is based in British Columbia.
But the daring
does not end here. A relative newcomer to Guadalupe is Amos Nachoum,
who has raised the bar to what some might consider the ultimate level.

Nachoum, a famous photographer and outfitter who runs
Big Animal Expeditions,
openly advertises outside-the-cage opportunities and charges what some
might consider an arm and a leg: $5,900 for a week-long trip.
Nachoum,
whose trips are aboard a 110-foot La Paz, Mexico-based vessel named Sea
Escape, says he takes only "qualified individuals" but other operators
claim Nachoum's idea of a qualified individual is anyone who shells out
the money for one of his trips.
"He's new to the whole thing,"
says Groth, a pioneer at Guadalupe who himself has been referred to as
a "cowboy" using questionable tactics. "He has an inexperienced boat
crew and he's doing this stupid stuff with anyone who will pay him the
money."
Lever believes Nachoum's operation is an accident
waiting to happen. "What concerns me is that someone outside the cage
gets freaked out by a shark, and it's easy to get freaked out by a
shark; I've been freaked out by them," Lever says. "So what happens
when you're at mid-water on SCUBA gear and you get freaked out and
panic.
"If that person bails to the surface what kind of
reflex are they going to trigger in that animal? And then that person
is on the surface thrashing, and then what happens?"
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